There is a growing body of evidence that survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk for metabolic syndrome, which consists of a group of symptoms including obesity, insulin resistance, high cholesterol levels, and high blood pressure. This syndrome can lead to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Some types of treatment predispose children to metabolic syndrome, and an endocrinologist is best able to diagnose this late effect. Treatment will vary based on which symptoms the child or young adult exhibits.