LONG-TERM SURVIVORS of cancer may experience a number of complications to their muscles and bones. Radiation and surgery can alter both appearance and function of any part of the body. This chapter discusses the major late effects to the muscles and bones from amputation, limb-salvage procedures, radiation, and chemotherapy. It covers osteonecrosis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and changes in body shape and size. Signs and symptoms, screening and detection, and medical management of these late effects also are presented. Included are many survivors’ stories about how they cope with late effects to their muscles and bones.